South Sudan
africanarguments.org
> Ever since, Kiir has been at the top of the political hierarchy, becoming president of South Sudan after it gained independence in 2011. In this time, he has not changed his strategy of giving his rivals reasons to underestimate him. He still allows his apparent weaknesses to be seen and highlighted. He has only occasionally let the mask slip, such as at a rally in 2013, soon after he had fired his entire cabinet, when Kiir revealed that he sees himself as a tiger who hides his claws.
ipisresearch.be
> The report states that since independence in 2011, the number of checkpoints in South Sudan has nearly doubled while checkpoint taxes have increased 300 percent. > > According to the findings, over the past two years, both IPIS and DIIS have mapped 319 checkpoints along major trade routes in South Sudan, of which 253 are roadblocks and 66 river checkpoints. > > It states that government soldiers and civilian authorities control most of the checkpoints along overland routes, while the SPLA/M in opposition, led by Riek Machar, controls slightly more than half of the checkpoints along river routes, the White Nile, its branch the El Zeraf, and the Sobat.